Psychology Research

Anti Transglutaminase Antibodies Cause Ataxia in Mice

PLSOne - Neuroscience — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 06:00:00 +0000

Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the presence of anti-transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and anti-gliadin antibodies. Amongst the neurological dysfunctions associated with CD, ataxia represents the most common one. Methods We analyzed by immunohistochemistry, the anti-neural reactivity of the serum from 20 CD patients. To determine the role of anti-TG2 antibodies in ataxia, two anti-TG2 single chain variable fragments (scFv), isolated from a phage-display IgA antibody library, were characterized by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and injected in mice to study their effects on motor coordination. We found that 75% of the CD patient population without evidence of neurological involvement, has circulating anti-neural IgA and/or IgG antibodies. Two anti-TG2 scFvs, cloned from one CD patient, stained blood vessels but only one reacted with neurons. This anti-TG2 antibody showed cross reactivity with the transglutaminase isozymes TG3 and TG6. Intraventricular injection of the anti-TG2 or the anti-TG2/3/6 cross-reactive scFv provoked transient, equally intensive ataxia in mice. Conclusion The serum from CD patients contains anti-TG2, TG3 and TG6 antibodies that may potentially cause ataxia.

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Anti Transglutaminase Antibodies Cause Ataxia in Mice

Lifting without Seeing: The Role of Vision in Perceiving and Acting upon the Size Weight Illusion

PLSOne - Neuroscience — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 06:00:00 +0000

Background Our expectations of an object’s heaviness not only drive our fingertip forces, but also our perception of heaviness. This effect is highlighted by the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), where different-sized objects of identical mass feel different weights. Here, we examined whether these expectations are sufficient to induce the SWI in a single wooden cube when lifted without visual feedback, by varying the size of the object seen prior to the lift. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants, who believed that they were lifting the same object that they had just seen, reported that the weight of the single, standard-sized cube that they lifted on every trial varied as a function of the size of object they had just seen. Seeing the small object before the lift made the cube feel heavier than it did after seeing the large object. These expectations also affected the fingertip forces that were used to lift the object when vision was not permitted. The expectation-driven errors made in early trials were not corrected with repeated lifting, and participants failed to adapt their grip and load forces from the expected weight to the object’s actual mass in the same way that they could when lifting with vision. Conclusions/Significance Vision appears to be crucial for the detection, and subsequent correction, of the ostensibly non-visual grip and load force errors that are a common feature of this type of object interaction. Expectations of heaviness are not only powerful enough to alter the perception of a single object’s weight, but also continually drive the forces we use to lift the object when vision is unavailable.

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Lifting without Seeing: The Role of Vision in Perceiving and Acting upon the Size Weight Illusion

The Hypothesis

Psychology Today — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 02:26:40 +0000

Where do individual values and preferences come from?

Are You Caught in the Marital Indecision Cycle?

Psychology Today — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:53:39 +0000

Every marriage – and every meaningful relationship, for that matter – has good times and not-so-good times. This is natural and normal. However, when you are questioning whether to remain in the relationship, these high and low cycles may be more profound.

Do You Believe in Magic? : Eckhart Tolle, the Dalai Lama, and the Future of Psychotherapy

Psychology Today — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 17:31:58 +0000

There can be no denying that former depressive philosophy student Eckhart Tolle is a phenomenon: his books The Power of Now and A New Earth sold millions of copies and are perceived by his readers to be profoundly spiritual. One of Tolle’s main points is apparently his emphasis on the present moment, and our subjective experience of our existence in that “spacious” moment.

Scientology Escapee Breaks her Silence [Living the Scientific Life (Scientist, Interrupted)]

BrainAndBehaviour — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 09:59:26 +0000

tags: Sea Organization , Sea Org , Tommy Davis , scientology , religion , cults , mind control , Thetan , offbeat , beliefs , Xenu , L Ron Hubbard , television , Life after Scientology , ABC1 , streaming video Raised as Scientologists, Christie King Collbran and her husband, Chris, were recruited as teenagers to work for the elite corps of staff members who keep the Church of Scientology running, known as the Sea Organization, or Sea Org. Read the rest of this post… | Read the comments on this post…

An introduction to cognition and culture

Vaughan — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0000

The Culture and Cognition blog covers the territory where culture and psychology meet, and they’ve just released their ‘ reader ‘ which has a list of essential books and papers to cover the interface between anthropology and the cognitive sciences. Many of the articles are available in full online and the list is a fantastic guide to the area. It includes both popular and academic texts but the list works best as a reference, so bookmark it as I’m sure you’ll be returning to it time and again if you’re like me and interested in the cross over between culture and psychology. Link to Cognition and Culture Reader.

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An introduction to cognition and culture

PalmenGarten Herz [Living the Scientific Life (Scientist, Interrupted)]

ScienceBlog — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:59:25 +0000

tags: PalmenGarten , Frankfurt am Main , Germany , PalmenGarten Blüte , flowers , nature , environment , image of the day PalmenGarten Herz. PalmenGarten , Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Image: GrrlScientist, 24 February 2010 [ larger view ] Read the comments on this post…

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PalmenGarten Herz [Living the Scientific Life (Scientist, Interrupted)]

This is Why Futbol (Soccer) Players Desperately Need Acting Lessons [Living the Scientific Life (Scientist, Interrupted)]

BrainAndBehaviour — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 10:59:54 +0000

tags: photography , sports , futbol , professional soccer , cultural observation , acting lessons , humor , funny , television , streaming video I love futbol, but OMG, these boyz are such crybabies and drama queens! These soccer/futbol players demonstrate the reasons why I think they all are in desperate need of acting lessons: their ridiculous overblown theatrics. Read the rest of this post… | Read the comments on this post…

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This is Why Futbol (Soccer) Players Desperately Need Acting Lessons [Living the Scientific Life (Scientist, Interrupted)]

Peep! [Casaubon's Book]

ScienceBlog — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:20:07 +0000

Note: It hasn’t happened yet here, although we heard them down the hill in the valley yesterday. But we seem to be having an early spring, even though we’ve still got more than a foot of snow to melt off. I wrote this last year, and though the precise circumstances are different, the need for that sound is just the same. I know I owe y’all new content, but this one seemed appropo. Has spring sprung for you? Spring doesn’t come easily in upstate New York – she wrestles with Old Man Winter for a long, long time before he gives up. The first sign is the daffodils, up a small amount in February, giving false hope, but also inspiration – proof positive, as they fight through layers of snow and ice that spring may come in the guise of a fresh girl, but she is one tough young lady. But I have to remind myself – green stems do not mean spring. Then comes the inevitable thaw, and the smell of wet earth, that scent that screams spring, but isn’t quite because you’ll have more frozen nights and wintry days yet. The grass, uncovered, greens up faintly, but the dominant colors are dull grey and brown, and we hold our breath for the change that can’t come fast enough. The crocuses bloom, and that is a small change, a step forward, but the real thing hasn’t come. The birds come back, new ones each day – first the robins, of course, still in winter, but a tiny flit of hope for an end. Then the grackles come in waves (it is hard to be excited about grackles, but in winter, one can be happy about anything that prophecies its end). Then a bright dash of red winged blackbird, and then a sudden burst of new birds each day. But delightful though they are, the birds in themselves cannot carry spring. Here, spring isn’t a color, and it isn’t a smell or a taste, and it doesn’t even have wings (although it might have feathers, a la Emily Dickinson). Oh, spring has flavor – wild strawberries and overwintered spinach, dandelion greens and wild asparagus. Spring has smells – warm wet earth and daffodils, hyacinths and grass, and colors – the clear pure yellow of daffodils, the purple of crocuses, that sweet gold-green that blushes trees and the reddish tint of buds that preceeds it, the vibrant green of new grass. But it is none of those things. It is a sound, a single sound, the end of wintery silence when the Peepers wake up and begin to call to one another for love. Peepers, for those of you who don’t live where they do, are tiny frogs, who make a sound not entirely unlike the sounds of katydids or crickets when heard from a distance, but different, wonderfully strange and sweet up close. They are far too loud for their tiny size – standing next to a pond full of them, you would think you might go mad – except that after a long muffled winter of snow, you have to listen just a little longer. One year, just once, I heard them begin to sing. We went to the wetlands on the edge of our property, walking along the road, and we stood in absolute silence and waited, and heard just one peeper take up the song for the first time – or maybe it just seemed that way. By that night, the whole watery area was in chorus, but just at the beginning, it was just one lonely peeper, calling out for love, hoping that somewhere there was someone else for him. It was strangely magical, and every year I try to duplicate it, to be there when they awaken, and spring truly begins. This year we went, day after day, long before it was really likely that we’d hear them, when there was still ice along the edges of the water and patches of snow in the woods, but we went. And even Asher knew that when we got to the wetlands, we should stand, and be quiet and wait. And we would, hearing new bird songs each day, until something disturbed us. Yesterday, we got back late from the Greenmarket and errand running, and everyone was tired, so we did not walk out. And at chore time, as I was cooking dinner, Eric came back in and told me that the peepers were calling. We had already put the boys to bed, but ran upstairs, and opened the windows so that they could hear it too. I missed the moment spring came to my place, but I expect that, no matter how hard I try and duplicate a near-miracle. Mostly, you don’t see deep change happen, even though you know that it is occurring. You go out in the garden after an absence of a few days, and wonder how those tiny seedlings became those deep-rooted plants, or you look at your daughter and wonder how it is that she’s lost the look of a toddler and become a child, with nobby knees and a galloping gait. Mostly the biggest transitions pass us by, and it is enough to say that you didn’t miss anything important in its entirety. They say on hot nights in July you can hear the corn growing, and just once, I did hear the peepers awaken, but mostly the greatest transitions pass you by and that is our lot in life. In a purely practical sense, were you looking at my mud-colored, snow patched landscape, you might wonder what changed, why I say that spring came. We still have more mud than green, things are still changing only incrementally, the daffodils still aren’t yet open, although the purple crocuses brighten each morning. Things still squelch, and I know better than to plant out today – the peas I put in today will, as usual, sit waiting for dryer and more settled weather and end up being harvested at precisely the same time as the peas I plant out in two weeks – so why bother, except, of course, that I am chomping at the bit to plant anything outside. Seedlings are great, but they are not sufficient to sustain me. All I can say is that I know this is it because it is – not very useful, I suppose, but I know that now no snowfall, no late frost, no burst of winter will make a difference in the consistent forward motion of energetic spring. So I wait to plant, the waiting is made easier by the singing of tiny frogs, frogs I almost never see, whose presence I would not suspect were it not for those short weeks in which their music dwarfs the birds and my noisy family, and shakes the foundations of winter. He’s done for. Spring has won, again. The rest will come slowly, achingly, and then it will burst upon us, and some people, looking at the flowers, the grass, the budding trees, will nod and say “spring is here.” And we will smile at them and agree that it certainly is, and hold quietly the fact that we heard spring happen, and were there, if not for the golden moment, just after life returned anew. Happy Spring, Sharon Read the comments on this post…

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Peep! [Casaubon's Book]